RESUMO
Introducción: Candida spp. es una levadura comensal de la microbiota humana. Por características del hospedero, las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo pueden aparecer y causar una gran morbimortalidad. Métodos: Estudio restrospectivo transversal analítico de los cultivos positivos para Candida spp. entre 2008 y 2014 en un hospital universitario en Bogotá, Colombia. Se evaluaron las características clínicas y microbiológicas presentes previo a la toma de la primera muestra de sangre positiva y se determinaron asociaciones con infecciones por especies no C. albicans (NCA). Resultados: Se incluyeron 123 casos de candidemia. C. albicans fue la especie más aislada (42 %). Sin embargo, las especies NCA como grupo fueron observadas más frecuentemente. Más del 70 % de los casos presentaron manejo en la unidad de cuidado intensivo, con una mediana de estancia de 14 días previo a la primera muestra de sangre positiva. Se detectaron numerosas características médicas; sin embargo, ninguna estuvo asociada con candidemia por especies NCA. Se observó resistencia a por lo menos un antifúngico en el 29 % de los casos, aunque en una muestra reducida de pruebas de sensibilidad. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sustentan el viraje mundial hacia la candidemia por especies NCA; pero no encontramos asociaciones clínicas en este grupo. Debe dársele prioridad a la identificación de factores de riesgo y a la optimización de los puntajes de predicción, que permitan identificar pacientes en riesgo que se beneficien de terapia preventiva.
Introduction: Candida species are commensal yeasts of the human microbiota. However, due to several host's conditions, bloodstream infections may arise causing high morbimortality. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analytical study of positive blood cultures for Candida spp. between 2008'2014 at a university hospital in Bogotá. Colombia. We evaluated clinical and microbiological characteristics prior to the first positive blood sample was obtained and determined associations with non'C. albicans (NCA) species infections. Results: We included 123 candidemia cases. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species (42%). However; NCA species as a group were observed more often. Over 70% of cases were managed at the ICU, with a median stay of 14 days. Several medical factors were frequently observed, however none appeared to be associated with NCA species candidemia. Resistance to at least one antifungal agent was observed in 29% of cases, although a reduced sample of susceptibility tests was available. Conclusions: Our results support a worldwide shift towards NCA candidemia. However, clinical features were not associated with NCA infections. The identification of risk factors and the improvement of prediction scores must be prioritized, in order to identify' patients at high risk who may benefit of pre-emptive therapy.
Assuntos
Candidíase/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Candidemia/históriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies on candidemia occurring among adults in Southern African are limited. We aimed to document the epidemiology of candidemia among adults in Soweto. METHODS: This was a retrospective hospital-based study in three discrete periods, involving 9 years, from 1990 to 2007. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-six patients were identified. Case rates were 2.8 cases/10 000 admissions in 1998-2002 and 3.6 episodes/10 000 hospitalizations in 2005-2007. In 1990, Candida albicans caused 62% and Candida tropicalis caused 23% of episodes. In 2005-2007, major species were C. albicans (46%), Candida parapsilosis (25%), and Candida glabrata (23%), with little change compared to 1998-2002. Major predisposing conditions were abdominal surgery (43%), HIV infection (19% in 2005-2007), trauma (16%), diabetes mellitus (12%), and cancer (8%). General wards superseded intensive care as the major diagnostic setting in 2005-2007. The crude mortality was 60%. Among 22 HIV-infected patients with a median CD4 cell count of 68/µl, three were of community-onset. C. albicans caused 73% of cases. Five patients had another predisposing condition and five had central venous catheters. The mortality was 73%. CONCLUSIONS: Soweto has a pattern of Candida species different from other continents. HIV infection and trauma were important predisposing conditions.
